Catalytic Reforming

The Catalytic Reforming Process
The Catalytic Reforming Process

Aims of Process:
Aims of Process:

Max. ON
Max. ON
…………
…………
By Conversion
By Conversion

Min. Capacity to form Gums
Min. Capacity to form Gums
……
……
By Saturation
By Saturation

Production of Hydrogen for other Processes
Production of Hydrogen for other Processes

Production of BTX for the Petrochemical Industry
Production of BTX for the Petrochemical Industry
Feed To Catalytic Reforming
Feed To Catalytic Reforming

Sources of Feed:
Sources of Feed:

HSR Naphtha (90°C to 160°C)
HSR Naphtha (90°C to 160°C)

Not LSR
Not LSR
……………
……………
Why?
Why?

Not Heavier
Not Heavier
……………
……………
Why?
Why?

Visbreaking & Coking Gasolines
Visbreaking & Coking Gasolines

Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking
Two Typical Feeds Composition
Two Typical Feeds Composition
Paraffinic
(Arabian Light)
Naphthenic
(Nigeria)
RON 50 66
Av. Mw. 114 119
S
(weight ppm)
500 350
Paraffins 66.8 29.3
Naphthenes 21.8 61.85
Aromatics 11.4 8.85
Total Change to The Feed
Total Change to The Feed
Catalytic Reforming Product
Catalytic Reforming Product

Relation between ON and Reformate Yield
Relation between ON and Reformate Yield
Reformate Composition
Reformate Composition
Number
of carbon
atoms
nP iP P O N A Total
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
0.57
1.51
1.69
2.5
1.16
0.26
0.07
0
7.76
2.37
1.97
8.42
4.91
1.04
0.28
0.02
21.01
0.57
3.88
5.66
10.92
6.07
1.3
0.35
0.02
28.77
0.1
0.16
0.35
0.44
0.08
0
0
1.13
0
0.19
0.4
0.34
0
0
0
0.93
2.34
14.16
26.28
21.08
4.76
0.55
69.17
3.98
8.35
25.83
33.13
22.46
5.11
0.57
100
nP: normal paraffins. iP: branched paraffins. P: total paraffins.
O: olefins. N: naphthenes. A: aromatics
Reformate Composition
Reformate Composition
Reformate Composition
Reformate Composition
Catalytic Reforming Technology
Catalytic Reforming Technology

Fixed-Bed Technology
Fixed-Bed Technology

Non-Regenerative
Non-Regenerative
……
……
Replacement (months)
Replacement (months)

Semi-Regenerative
Semi-Regenerative
……
……
Shutdown (years)
Shutdown (years)

Regenerative (Cyclic)
Regenerative (Cyclic)
……
……
Switching (days)
Switching (days)

Moving-Bed Technology
Moving-Bed Technology

Fluid-Bed Technology
Fluid-Bed Technology
Fixed-Bed Technology
Fixed-Bed Technology

Type of Reactors
Type of Reactors

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